Table 2 Tobacco cessation treatmentsa
From: A selective review of smoking cessation interventions in the emergency department
Studied cessation treatments studied in the emergency department (ED) setting | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Therapy | Dosage | Instructions | Treatment duration | Safe in pregnancy |
Nicotine patchb | 21 mg 14 mg 7 mg | One patch per day on clean and dry skin. > 10 cpd: 21 mg 4 weeks, 14 mg 2 weeks 10 cpd: 14 mg 4 weeks 7 mg 2 weeks. | 8–12 weeks | No, UPT recommended |
Nicotine gumb | 2 mg 4 mg | Chew and “park” the gum between cheek and gum for 1 min, repeat for 30 min | 12 weeks | No, UPT recommended |
Nicotine lozengeb | 2 mg 4 mg | Dissolve lozenge over 20–30 min, treatment duration is 12 weeks | 12 weeks | No, UPT recommended |
Nicotine inhalerb Nicotrol Inhaler® | 10 mg per cartridge, 4 mg delivered Each cartridge = 2 cigarettes | Gentle puffing, not like a cigarette | 6-month taper | No, UPT recommended |
Nicotine nasal sprayb | 10 mg/mL 1 spray = 0.5 mg | Tilt head back and spray | 3–6-month taper | No, UPT recommended |
Vareniclineb Chantix® | 0.5 mg per dose | 0.5 mg/day for 3 days, then 0.5 mg BID for next 4 days, then after 1 mg BID after first 7 days | 3–6 months | No, UPT recommended |
Bupropionb Zyban® or Wellbutrin® | 150 mg | Start 1–2 weeks before quit date Days 1–3: 150 mg in the morning Days 4-end: 150 mg BID | 2–6 months | No, UPT recommended |
Counseling | Can initiate brief counseling intervention but needs reliable follow up | At least 8 sessions in a 12-month period (4 sessions 60–90 min in Germany) | Yes, recommended | |
Quitline Referral | Fax, phone, email, or text referral upon ED discharge | Yes | ||
Example of cessation treatments not studied in the ED | ||||
Electronic cigarettes | Not regulated | Not yet recommended | No | |
Hypnotherapy | Not regulated | Not yet recommended | Unknown | |
Acupuncture | Not regulated | Not yet recommended | Unknown | |